80% of Decisions are Made Intuitively

As science advances, it is emerging that thinking with your heart and not your head may be more reliable than once thought. Recent developments in neuroscience have concluded that 80% of decisions are made by the intuitive and primal parts of the brain, as opposed to the rational, complex and information-processing parts.

The facts:

1) We have stone-age brains housed in modern skulls. Science has shown that the brain’s hardwiring causes us to behave in a more primitive way than we might think.
It is a common misconception that, as humans, we are highly advanced, matching the complexity of the tools and machines in our modern society. However, we must take into account the fact that our modern world is the summation of ingenious ideas over many centuries, not a single decision from a single person.

The Genome Lag principle states that our everyday lives and the decisions we face are becoming more advanced than our brain anatomy can cope with. Cavemen are 500 generations away from us, whereas most of the technology we use today has been around for 2. Cavemen relied on their gut instinct, fight or flight response to survive. Given that humans are still around today, this mechanism is an effective means for survival. We should not ignore the accuracy and efficiency of this response, and not be afraid to follow it.

2) Conscious thought is like the tip of the iceberg

The emotional and unconscious area of the brain is larger than the rational and conscious part and so the brain processes more emotive than cognitive activity (Baker, 2006). Furthermore, the degree to which signals run from the emotional brain to the rational brain outnumber those running in the opposite direction by a ratio of ten to one (Hawkins and Blakeslee, 2004). Our subconscious can pick up subtle clues from the environment before we consciously and rationally can understand what they mean or what to make of them.

3) Gut instincts happen at great speed before complex thought processes
It has been scientifically proven that the information received by the Amygdala pathway in the brain responsible for raw emotions (anger, happiness, fear..) is simpler to processes than complex information in the neocortex (Adolphs et. al, 1999). Therefore, when trusting these raw emotions, rewards can be reached quickly and effectively, without the need for too much rationale.
In conclusion, your intuitive thinking is a quick and effective mechanism that far predates your rational thinking. The most primitive process in the brain has survived the evolution of 500 generations and the reason for this is it’s survival value. Trusting your instincts could be the most beneficial factor when making decisions in the modern world.

How intuitive are you?
Thompson Dunn uses the Decision Profile to measure the ways in which we make decisions and our attitudes towards them. It looks at attitudes towards risk, luck and decisiveness and provides insight into whether you will rely on the facts or trust your hunches.

Please contact Anna Pulleyn for your opportunity to trial this test free of charge for a limited period at anna.pulleyn@thompsondunn.com

By Marc Jacobson

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The Human Side of Mergers and Acquisitions

The financial media is reporting a noted cautiousness by companies in terms of considering a merger. With debt concerns stretching far into and beyond 2010, coupled with a still volatile market, M&A activity is down 4.4% from last year- when we were in a recession.

80% of Mergers are a failure
The reasons for lack of merger success are numerous and complex. However, often an employee supposes that upon completion of the M&A, it will be business as usual. The reality is that M&A needs to be recognised as a long-term plan, which will involve change. Thompson Dunn has observed the major challenge encountered by companies to be a lack of appreciation for differing cultures. As a company with an international client base, Thompson Dunn confronts this dilemma (individual values, beliefs and leadership styles) on a daily basis.

Edgar Schein, writes that “culture matters because it is a powerful, tacit, and often unconscious set of forces that determine both our individual and collective behaviour, ways of perceiving, thought patterns, and values.” It is absolutely crucial to understand this when organising a merger, as these cultural elements determine strategy, goals and modes of operating. This could indeed be the fundamental factor that determines whether the new company is efficient and successful, or adds to the 80% of failures list.

The largest pitfall: Inefficient Communication

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Thompson Dunn believes that the largest pitfall on the way to a successful merger is inefficient communication. In order for customers, shareholders and specifically employees to redirect their action to the value-added deal, top management needs to provide the crucial details, and stray from uncertainty and lack of informative answers.

To address this, cultural communication preferences must be taken into account. The two companies may share the same goals, but have different ways of getting there so it is fundamental to take cultural differences into account.

Thompson Dunn prides itself in striving to understand not only the goals of a company, but how they feel comfortable in achieving them. We bring people together across the new organisation face-to-face and value past achievements and backgrounds, taking the context of the previous organisations into account.

We encourage people to share their hopes and concerns for the future, develop and share a sense of purpose and identity and re-activate their desire to take initiative. This creates a new culture, driven by the strategic intent of the merger, where a whole is more than the sum of its parts.

Read more about Human Due Diligence.

Read more about Mergers and Acquisitions.

By Marc Jacobson

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Integral Life Practice – A New Whole Brain Approach to Life and Business

Having been exhorted by my colleagues for some considerable time to write a ‘blog’, I have consistently resisted with very heavy ‘feet of clay’.  Until now!  I’m on a plane returning from Perpignon, a small town in the South of France.  I was there for a week during which time I have been introduced to a number of new ways of being and working in the world, which are particularly well suited to being a psychologist.

From the mass of information gained during this demanding week, I was reading some of the ‘stuff’ on the plane.  ‘Integral Life Practice’ began to speak to me as a way of approaching both life and work and now seems to me to be the time for this balance to occur, within each of us as individuals, within our social and working groups, and globally.

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Pat Thompson

So, in the spirit of Julia and Julia (for those of you who haven’t seen the film and don’t own a copy of ‘mastering the art of French cooking’… a young woman decides to recreate each of these meticulously researched recipes and write her blog about how the soufflé turned out…. Daily!)  I have decided to have a go at Integral Life Practice and do the same.  Daily feels a bit challenging (British understatement) but in the pursuit of enquiry, I’ll see what emerges.

Picture 1There were people from all over the planet, young and old in Perpignon.  So, apart from the ability to read English and the desire for personal exploration, there are no barriers to entry in pursuit of this goal.  I will keep you posted, warts and all.  The book is called Integral Life Practice, A 21st Century Blueprint for Physical Health, Emotional Balance, Mental Clarity and Spiritual Awakening”, by Ken Wilber, Terry Patten, Adam Leonard and Marco Morelli. Terry very ably facilitated the 5 day workshop, so at least I have the benefit of seeing a practitioner in action.

By Pat Thompson

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Staff Engagement

The article below was featured in a Metro supplement on staff motivation. For the full article click here.

Here’s the good news. Your employees WANT to take pride in the organisation they represent. They WANT to care about the quality of their output and WANT to understand how their efforts help to deliver the overall strategy. If this isn’t happening in your organisation, then what’s getting in the way? Are you doing the following?

Staff Engagement

1. Talk to your staff

Do lots of this. Don’t tell them ‘our employees are our most important asset’ in the internal newsletter or company website. They won’t believe you. Instead, walk the corridors, shopfloors, service centres or wherever the action is and get curious about what your colleagues need to do their jobs better. Don’t be afraid if they’re currently downhearted or suspicious of your actions at first. They may well be, but asking genuinely how you can help will foster growing commitment from them.

2. Lead by example

Be, act, do and be seen performing the behaviours you want from others. Be the role model for what you want achieved.

3. Be open and genuine

You can’t fake passion for seeking to achieve your goals. Your colleagues will know it’s not from the heart. A smart idea without a genuine belief in that idea, strategy or approach will deliver only in the short-term, but won’t be sustainable.

4. Treat your colleagues with respect

Don’t lie, fudge or spin the facts. Be straight, be clear and be transparent. Strong leadership involves sometimes saying “I don’t have all the answers”.

5. Get people involved

The opinions, insight and perceptions of all staff hold the creative sparks to greater profitability and growth. Get your management to seek employee opinions regularly.

6. Be clear about what you stand for

Can any employee in the organisation articulate the values and goals of the business? If not, then they won’t be fully engaged.

By Phil Jefferis

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What Role Does Psychology Play in Business?

How can business psychology help you?

Sigmund Freud once said that “love and work are the cornerstones of our humanness”. Whilst you may not be feeling much love in the workplace at present, the application of psychological knowledge can help tremendously in these difficult times.

So how can business psychology support businesses and their employees? Psychology concerns all aspects of human behaviour, thoughts, feelings and experiences at work. As such, it plays a vital role in organisational performance by identifying and realising the full potential of prospective and current members of staff.

Recruitment

Psychologists can prevent organisations from making costly recruitment mistakes by identifying top talent who will not only help the organisation through leaner times but also enable it to come out of the downturn in a stronger position. Business psychologists offer organisations a layer of information that often goes beyond standard interviewing processes.

Acute understanding of different types of intelligence and the affect of personality on corporate and leadership behaviour can be fed back to employers. Furthermore, an understanding of the effect of corporate culture on staff enables expert advice to be given on the best ‘fit’ of your prospective candidates.

Organisational culture

Whilst many organisations will be focused on immediate challenges, such as short-term budgeting and restructuring for survival, it is also important to maintain a long-term perspective. At a time when many organisations are looking to cut costs through redundancies and pay rises that are below inflation, it is vital that you protect the culture that has been created and make the organisation an attractive place to work.

Development

Investing in staff through personal, managerial and leadership development will not only help organisations to retain their top performers but also attract talent in the market. Such provision provides a competitive advantage to attracting these people, who increasingly expect such organisational support as part of their package. Furthermore, succession planning and maintenance and development of future leaders can be addressed.

Pain points

Several recent London surveys have confirmed that the majority of us are scared of losing our jobs, and employees are often stretched to capacity, working long hours and doing the jobs of two or three people. The fear of an unstable economic climate can severely reduce core leadership skills and at worst can create a paralysis and lack of productivity.

Business psychologists have the knowledge to deal with and tackle the ‘pain points’ within a business to significantly reduce levels of stress and tension. Consequently, the organisation can be in a better state to innovate and formulate solutions to its current challenges. Executive coaching offers senior leaders the opportunity to develop the ‘soft skills’ that are required to engage and re-motivate employees, as well as build their own resilience to lead others through times of change.

Downsizing

Many organisations may also be forced to consider a downsizing strategy. In redundancy situations it is important to make informed and timely decisions, communicate clearly, and treat people respectfully. Psychologists are well placed to offer career transition coaching to exiting staff who may be distressed and needing support in their job search.

Offering such services can facilitate the job termination process and result in a mutually beneficial outcome. Negative feedback from exiting staff can be minimised, legal complications avoided, and the opportunity made available to collect valuable exit interview data.

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In summary, investment in your people will enable you to cope optimally in a difficult and uncertain time. Clearly communicating a supportive stance to all members of your organisation will facilitate the best performance, lower turnover rate and the opportunity to prepare yourself for growth during the upturn.

By Charlotte Conrad


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What is Assessment for?

Much is being written currently about leadership development, the management of human capital, facilitating and growing a company’s leadership pipeline and executive coaching.

At Thompson Dunn, we begin our approach to work of this nature by establishing a baseline, the point from which we start an intervention with a client. This is our assessment process and it forms the foundation for much of the work we do as psychologists, whether it is with individuals, groups or whole organisations.

Many clients who come to us for the first time might be curious as to why we insist on collecting a broad and deep sample selection of data before we begin to ‘do’ something. As external consultants we are aware of the expectation for us to find answers and seek resolution to people issues. Nevertheless, to do so without a thorough understanding of the current ’status quo’ may mean we are answering the wrong questions in the first place.

How does this help a Chief Executive, HR Director, Board of a company or a busy hands-on manager? We have based our proposals for improvement and change on the basis of fact and assessment, not just observation or surmise. This factual evaluation of the skills and potential of future employees, current managers or potential Senior Executives gives considerable comfort to most hard bitten CEO’s or HR Directors who want to make informed decisions about how to get the best out of their foremost asset, the Human Capital within their own business.

Coaching is often delivered to an unsuspecting public on the basis of a short questionnaire, the results of a single psychometric tool e.g. Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) or a brief interview. At Thompson Dunn, we believe that establishing the individual clients’ development needs based ona wide ranging psychological assessment is essential. This also includes an in-depth interview and wherever possible a 360 degree measure of that person’s behaviour.

In this way, we set the agenda for change based on an understanding, shared with the client, of what is going on at that moment in time, what needs to change and how this coaching intervention can prioritise the steps to progress. It is because we have created this baseline that we are then in a position to measure change over time. we know where we have started from and so does the client.

Absolute clarity about where each party stands and what each is contributing to the process enables transformational change to occur for many individuals, groups and organisations. We have spent the last 20 years developing this process. It works, at different levels and over differing life spans depending on what progress the client wishes to achieve.

The point is that we are able to measure the distance travelled and reflect this back to the sponsors of the programme. Most CEO’s and HR Directors want to know how their money is being spent and what has been achieved. We are in a position to give them very clear answers

By Pat Thompson

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Authentic Leadership – “Know thyself”

The importance of authentic leadership

“Leaders need to be authentic to be truly effective”. You might have heard this from a leadership coach, read it in an HR initiative strategy report, or been told that it’s a “key competency” to be on the lookout for when you are recruiting. Perhaps you’ve nodded sagely at the importance of ‘authenticity’ whilst wondering how on earth you are supposed to recognise it, find it or develop it in your people!

col_img5From my perspective as a business coach, authenticity in leadership is not merely important – it is the essential component that leaders must have to be effective long term. Put in simple terms, authentic leadership is grounded in knowing who you are; knowing why you behave as you do; knowing your preferences to behave and how it is likely to effect others. Put another way – it’s about your beliefs and values and being clear about that which drives you. Without this self-awareness, how can we be expected to influence others?

“Yeah, Yeah, Yeah…values and beliefs are important but I’ve got a team to motivate, sales targets to hit and a boss breathing down my neck!!”

The paradox of effective leadership

The pressures of work are always upon us, and often they feel uncontrollable. Here is the fundamental paradox of effective leadership where we find two potentially conflicting needs. On the one hand is the need for the leader to be ‘true to oneself’, to act out of personal awareness and conviction. On the other hand is the need for the leader to be ‘true to the organisation’ – to act in ways that meet the needs of the organisation through others.

Finding a balance

My suggestion is that Authentic Leadership is a balancing act between these two poles. The most effective leadership is the result of managers being able to sustain and work within the tension between personal goals and needs and those of the organisation. To adhere too closely to the needs of the organisation and suppress personal preferences, may often result in managers effectively maintaining the status quo and being a “safe pair of hands”.

However, there is often a lack creative spontaneity and future-oriented planning. Without personal passion, no passion is communicated and consequently the ability to motivate others is difficult. Equally, disproportionate emphasis on personal needs can often result in leadership power and influence driven by a personal agenda and a lack of attention on the development of others.

Creative leadership

Leadership, then, should be considered as an ongoing creative process to get this balance right. If, for example, an individual has a personal need to express their passion about environmental issues in an organisation that priorities the pursuit of profit at any cost, then a creative response is required. Perhaps by that individual leading the organisation’s environmental policy it could become an important marketing message that could ultimately effect turnover and profit.

A new set of circumstances needs to be created where neither the individual nor the organisational needs are compromised or sacrificed. Effective leadership involves a multitude of these creative solutions, often that need to be maintained simultaneously. Authentic leadership at all times seeks to find the balance between individual and organisation needs.

By Phil Jefferis

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The Leadership Pipeline

What do I spend most of my time doing? Supporting CEOs and strategic HR professionals to build a global leadership pipeline. How do I do this? Mostly by emphasising the importance of Talent Management and Leadership Development and then facilitating it at many levels organisationally.

Leadership PipelineWhy should Talent Management be a CEO priority? We have all seen management theories come and go – business process re-engineering, off shoring etc. Eventually we must reach the conclusion that the quality of leadership is what drives business performance.

Unfortunately many companies realise this situation too late, when they have under invested in talent development. The need in rapidly expanding global markets is for adaptable, mobile, culturally aware managers who are able to utilise and understand the value of technology in an increasingly future-oriented world.

Whilst many CEOs have, as a rule of thumb, relied on HR specialists and a few trusted headhunters to provide the solution to their leadership pipeline deficits, this is no longer sufficient.

In a 2005-2006 Global Leadership Forecast, over 4,500 leaders from around the world said that improving and leveraging talent was their second business priority, the first being improving customer service relationships.

A number of recent surveys all illustrate that companies with stronger leadership development systems have higher returns on equity and profit than their competitors. Also emphasised is the direct link between the quality of succession management and shareholder returns. It is no surprise therefore that top performing companies invariably hold their leaders responsible and accountable for developing talent.

Whilst the processes and tools around identifying and developing top leadership talent are facilitated by HR, the best companies encourage every leader to spot, develop and retain high performers. The CEO must view talent as a strategic priority and constantly support initiatives to drive this through the business.

My own experience is that without CEO support, (genuine rather than lip service!), we might as well all stay at home. Why? Because, ultimately the CEO and Board set the corporate structure. Talent Management and effective succession plans will not survive in a non-supportive culture. The CEO must drive and support strategic HR interventions, yet how many boards lack an HR Director? Every picture tells its own story.

So, what are the practical steps to developing your leadership pipeline?

1. Define what your organisation needs in terms of leadership in the future
It will differ from organisation to organisation and at different levels within each organisation.

2. Leadership development is not just succession planning for key top jobs
Foster a learning organisation.

3. Transparency of criteria around talent management and promotion fosters trust and an expectation of what the organisation wants from its leaders of the future

4. Look many layers down the organisation
As a principle, when helping organisations to recruit new staff I have always advised them to look for potential leaders at that stage. Unless there is a specific short term need for a particular role, always recruit and retain for long term growth of both the individual and the company. In my view leaders need to go walkabout. I know some great talent scouts who do…and no, they are not interfering. They have the business overview and breadth of experience to sniff out talent from the most obscure places.

5. Get objective data
Critical business decisions are based on in depth information. Apply this level of due diligence to the promotion of key people and strategic development decisions. Thompson Dunn provides robust diagnosis of individual development needs.
We look at the whole person including personality traits, decision-making skills and the potential for strategic and creative thinking. We then develop a personal development plan with each potential leader. This process works, where generic training programmes for high potentials miss the point. We all have specific needs and learn in different ways.

6. Evaluate high potentials in terms of their limitations as well as their strengths
Or put simply, one person’s high is another persons panic attack! Equally a ‘shaper’ lower down the organisation can become an arrogant, volatile and unlistening Board member. Our in-depth reports indicate where key learning and growth need to occur before someone is ready to take on a senior leadership position.

7. Create a learning and development plan, which includes new business challenges and job experience
A mix of learning is required. This is the point where coaching and mentoring can be mission critical if the high potential is given a role outside his/her area of expertise and comfort zone. The CEO or Board Member can often spot a useful development option which also serves a key business need at that point in time. However, the individual would also benefit from support at that time.

8. Ignore the team context at your peril
The best fit for the job may not be the best person for the team. We also work with CEOs and HR professionals to look at the composition, balance and skill sets within a team. High performance teams are an essential part of profitability and growth whatever the size or challenges of the organisation.

9. Get rid of the idea that development is ‘remedial’
Many managers struggle with this. They somehow fail to grasp that we can all improve the level of our game. That’s why Wimbledon champions and Olympic athletes have coaches; not because they are lousy at what they do, but because they are brilliant and want to achieve their peak performance.

In conclusion
Look at these steps to developing your leadership pipeline, whatever level of leader you are, but particularly as a CEO. Then think about what excellent Leadership Development would look like in your organisation.

1. What does business strategy tell you about the quality and quantity of talent you need?

2. What kind of talent does your business need?

3. What and where are the gaps in your current talent pool?

4. Spotting the high potentials. This can be a minefield of nepotism, inconsistent criteria, focus on strengths only and no identification of development needs.

Thompson Dunn provide an in depth analysis of individuals with additional coaching to supplement their learning once a development plan has been put together. Clearly this needs to involve their current managers and probably peer assessment and evaluation of current performance. 360-degree feedback may be a useful tool here. Objectivity is the key to success here wherever possible.


By Pat Thompson

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Do You Use Your Left or Right Brain?

Psychometric Testing
For those of you who have navigated the corporate world to senior management, you are likely to have, along the way, brushed up against, been subjected to or been gently pressganged into psychometric testing. The ubiquitous nature of measurement tools for both core ability and personality preference to think and behave, to my mind, leads to problems for those on the receiving end of such analysis.

On many occasions in my work as a business psychologist, clients have often received an array of output reports, prior to anything we may work together on. These clients are often swamped with unfiltered information overload, which has not been effectively contextualised to their working environment.

The Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI)
But the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI) is one tool that offers clarity and relevance to all business professions, accounting and finance being no exception. Its outputs can be clearly assimilated and acted upon in a developmental context. It has ‘face validity’ – in other words, what it seeks to measure is of immediate surface relevance. The test outputs are visually clear and engaging. Questionnaire-based, it is quick and easy to complete. Individuals are asked to report themselves through questions on aspects of work and domestic life, which then makes up their profile.

Left and Right Brained Thinking
The human brain is made up of two distinct hemispheres and research has shown a great deal of specific functioning can be attributed to the left and the right hemispheres. Broadly speaking, the left hemisphere deals predominantly with rational, logical and structured thinking and the right involved with creativity and regulating our emotions. The HBDI splits each hemisphere into two and seeks to measure behaviours relating to four ‘thinking quadrants’ (see the illustration opposite).

The two quadrants in the left hemisphere are:HBDI Diagrams

* quadrant A – (blue, upper left) – this handles intellectual processing which is structured and systematic. This area deals with the evaluation of ideas, often through analysis of numbers. This is the mathematical and technical area of the brain, that works with rational, logical problem-solving; and

* quadrant B – (green, lower left) – this deals predominantly with practical and procedural thinking. This area deals with organisation, reliability, efficiency order and discipline. In the business context, this quadrant relates to operational planning and the implementation and administration of schemes.

Then the right hemisphere is split into two quadrants:

* quadrant C – (red, lower right) – this area of the brain deals with a natural inclination towards ‘feelings’ and interpersonal sensitivity and empathy – the ability to relate to others with ease; and

* quadrant D – (yellow, upper right) – this deals predominantly with creative, intuitive and strategic thinking styles. High preference in this area would suggest an individual’s ability to take a holistic, ‘big picture’ view of events and to work simultaneously on a range of tasks.

The output of the questionnaire offers the individual clear visual representation of the relative preferences for each of the four quadrants. Points within each quadrant are joined to form the individual’s ‘Hermann Square’.

It is not surprising that many professionals in the finance industry often have a strong preference for the A quadrant where numerical and mathematical reasoning resides (see Figure 1).

Preference
Often a strong preference for this ‘left-brained’ thinking style may dominate to the detriment of the other quadrants. It is common for finance professionals, particularly more junior executives, to have this strong preference. Senior finance managers and directors, from my experience, will need to have a shared strength in the D quadrant component (see Figure 2).

At this level, there is more often than not a need to be visionary in the application of technical financial knowledge to a broader commercial context. As such, the requirements for creative and strategic thinking are greater. Once individuals have a benchmark as to their thinking style preferences, they can choose to address greater emphasis on those areas. Such skills can be accessed through practical steps such as:

* prioritising thinking – not doing time during the working day;
* instigating a group brainstorming session, and;
* the use of metaphors in problem solving.

When using this tool in the assessment of general managers/ managing directors and CEOs, or assessing the potential for someone to achieve at a cross functional discipline, the Herrmann can be extremely useful. In organisations where ultimate corporate leadership is routed through finance, important skill sets need to be learnt. In essence, such a role requires a balance between each of the quadrants to a greater extent (see Figure 3). Once again, the D quadrant is a requirement to envision future strategy and work predominantly from an overview perspective. Increasingly, successful general managers rely heavily on effective facilitation skills and empowerment of others to perform optimally. The Herrmann C quadrant offers valuable information on emotional intuition that is the ‘raw material’ for success in this area.

Imagination
Broadly speaking, where the technical components of financial practice reside in the ‘left brain’, people management and core components of leadership reside in the ‘right brain’. For financial professionals seeking to develop their management skills, it is often a case of realising their ‘right brain’ potential. The ‘right brain’ is not a controlled, analytical place. It is a place of imagination, fun, ‘play’, artistry, emotion and expression.

As Daniel Pink put it in his book A Whole New Mind, ‘We’ve progressed from a society of farmers to a society of factory workers to a society of knowledge workers. And now, we’re progressing once again – to a society of creators and empathisers, of pattern recognisers and meaning makers’. So although the ‘keys to the kingdom’ do not, in my opinion, reside wholly in ‘rightbrained thinking’ a balanced set of thinking skills is extremely important, and for the technically trained professions, that invariably means a shift to the right.

The Herrmann is also useful for groups. The ‘Herrmann squares’ of several individuals can be superimposed and a group aggregate calculated. Preferred thinking styles at the group level offers insight into corporate culture, and the general style of work in any given environment. This can work developmentally, and in a recruitment context, in terms of ‘person fit’ and also redressing the balance of a predominantly left or right brained organisation by avoiding the pitfalls of overly recruiting to type.

Words of Warning

Finally, some words of warning: the outputs of the Herrmann should be treated as a ‘guide’ for development, rather than diagnostic ‘gospel’. As a self reported questionnaire the outputs are the individuals’ perceptions of themselves, and not a measure of actual ability. Nevertheless, with a thoughtful and honest approach, this test can be very useful. With a bit of luck it might just offer points for executive development that will be considered, reflected upon and actioned.

By Phil Jefferis

Read more about ‘whole-brained’ thinking.

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Mergers and Acquisitions

Emotional Responses in Mergers and Acquisitions

Much has been written recently in the financial press and various business school publications on what makes a merger or acquisition a success or failure. One of the most striking things however, seems to be the lack of attention paid to the emotional reactions of individuals, groups and indeed whole corporations to this process, which is now almost an every day occurrence.

My own professional work has involved working with a number of ‘ blue chip’ organisations over the years who have undergone such a process. Not surprisingly perhaps they often turned to me for advice and support on how to proceed and offer the best way forward for people caught up in the maelstrom of feelings produced by merger and acquisition activity.

Reducing anxiety
The general view when conducting merger and acquisition activity is – “get on with it”, preferably quickly, and communicate with all staff members as honestly and frequently as you can. Even when there is nothing to communicate, say so. This makes sense to me from a psychological viewpoint. Reduce anxiety, remove the opportunity for rumour to spread with the wrong information and generally try to keep peoples’ stress levels as low as possible.

Why? Because once a merger or acquisition has been announced the emotional brain takes over (it acts more quickly than the rational mind) and people start to behave in all sorts of irrational or illogical ways. The results on sales and productivity at this point can be devastating for the company, as anyone who has ever participated in merger and acquisition activity knows.

Whatever happened to the customer?
“ Whatever happened to the customer? “ is always a key question. Generally the company or companies become wholly preoccupied with themselves, internally focussed and, at least initially, on “red alert”. Focus on “the customer” is nowhere to be seen. What does this do to the bottom line of the business? Profits disappear as quickly as the customer focus.

Emotional intelligence
What sort of reactions can we expect from a workforce (or two in the case of a merger) once the merger and acquisition activity has been announced? Daniel Goleman in his book “ Emotional Intelligence” gives us some solid information on the different types of emotions, how they may be experienced and how even our childhood experiences or perceptions can colour our vision in times of distress. The book is valuable reading for any senior manager who is contemplating or participating in merger and acquisition activity.

Prominent emotions
I have tried to summarise a few of the more prominent emotions that I have dealt with during M&A activity. For brevity and because the emotional brain is symbolic, i.e. it likes pictures, metaphors and parables rather than critical mechanically produced data, I have chosen to represent the process in pictures.

1. “On a high” – “ I might get a better job “ “ I’m for the high jump “(I’ll get fired). Individuals will respond differently depending on their personal history and level of optimism about the process.

2. “Fog” – “I’m afraid” – “I can’t see my way through” – “Am I the only one with this feeling?” – “I can’t see how others are reacting and I’m alone with my fear” – “Dare I say how I feel?” No.

3. “Sharks” – Once the two companies are brought together as part of a merger (very few are actually mergers) usually one culture dominates. Then the company which is not ‘the winner’ often feels that they are in shark-infested water and need to be ultra-cautious about what is said and to whom (paranoia). This paranoia is, of course, based on reality – as they can no longer rely on their informal network (“ the way things get done around here “) for support. New rules now apply and they don’t know them.

4. “Soup” – This is more positive than might appear. Once some informal communication has begun then people begin to realise that they are often in the same place. Even people in the acquiring culture are fearful of change (most of us are at some level) and honest dialogue can begin to take place.

At Thompson Dunn we have put together a specific workshop “Leading yourself through change“ which is designed to help support organisations going through such a process. We feel strongly that each person must take individual responsibility for his or her outcome during merger and acquisition activity. In other words, if you don’t like the flavour of the ‘soup’, what are you going to do about it?

We profoundly believe that M&A activity is organic, complex, subtle and heavily dependent for its success on the ‘ buy in ‘ from the whole community – the acquired, those doing the acquiring and people at every organisational level. The process is not linear, rational and mechanistic, which is often the way in which the process is handled. People based consultancies like ourselves need to be involved early in the process if we are to be effective, particularly when advising senior management on ‘ soft ’ issues which, we believe, will ultimately make or break the deal.

Have a look at these books as they offer some interesting further reading on this subject.

Emotional Intelligence
Daniel Goleman
ISBN 0-553-09503-X

Flow – The Psychology of Optimal Experience
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
ISBN 0-06-092043-2

The Living Company
Arie de Geus
ISBN 1-57851-820-2

What Colour is Your Parachute?
Richard N. Bolles
ISBN 1-58008-727-

By Pat Thompson

Read more about mergers and acquisitions.

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